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Understanding how sleep apnea occurs
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Sleep apnea is a disorder that is caused due to the block in the air passages during sleep, which leads to an obstruction in regular breathing. It is characterized by loud snoring and brief pauses in breathing, which makes the patient wake up with a choking or gasping sensation to try and catch their breath. Once they are awake then the breathing resumes. This occurs repeatedly in cycles throughout the night depriving them of regular sleep. While a person is sleeping all the regular muscles are relaxed sometimes this applies to the muscles that are present near the air passages which collapse and cause breathing problems. While this is one of the major ways by which sleep apnea occur other issues like enlarged adenoids or tonsils, structural deformities like a large tongue or cleft lips etc could also contribute to this disorder. When the air passage are blocked there is either partial or full blockage of airflow restricting the person from taking in oxygen normally, hence the person wakes up gasping or choking for breath.
As the effort to breath becomes overwhelming and the blood oxygen level drops the patient wakes up and upon doing so the muscle tension is activated so the air passages are opened up for easy breathing. While the periods of being awake in between are brief and often not recalled by the patient the disturbance in sleep, as often as about 300 times in a night sometimes, can result in a sense of fatigue and exhaustion in the morning. People with sleep apnea never tend to reach the third or the fourth stage of sleep or the non REM sleep due to this problem. For a person to feel refreshed and rested he/she must have gone through all the stages of sleep both REM and non-REM. The deep sleep is essential for a person to feel rested.
When one is deprived of this deep sleep stage they experience symptoms of sleep disorders like fatigue, exhaustion, lack of concentration. Apart from all these problems people who develop sleep apnea are mostly overweight, and consequently due to the disorder they also develop related problems like high blood pressure, heart conditions, psychiatric problems and so on. For people with mild sleep apnea the condition can be treated if they lose their weight but for severe cases there are other treatments like CPAP or BiPAP where there is a constant supply of air at different pressure so that the air passage remain open for the person to be able to breath regularly.
 
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