A frequent collapse of the air passages during sleep, which halts breathing and thus causes an interrupted sleep, is the result of Sleep apnea disorder. People with this disorder have bouts of sleeplessness due to lack of regular breathing cycles brought on by constricted or collapsed air passages. This is also characterized by loud snoring. There are in all three types of Sleep apnea that have been recognized, Obstructive, Central and Mixed. Obstructive is the most common form but there are people who have the other two types too. In OSA patients there is always some kind of loud snoring or gasping for breath. CSA on the other hand is lack of ability to initiate breathing now being termed as complex SA. This form is seen in people who have cardiac issues, are obese and are known cases of brain damage or brain disorders.
Mixed SA is a mixture of both the OSA and CSA. Where first it looks like CSA and when the breathing resumes then the airway passages collapse leading to breathing difficulty. Having breathing difficulties and snoring during sleep can be a window to some underlying cause that needs to be checked by your doctor for effective diagnosis and treatment. Obesity seems to be a major factor in this disorder, while respiratory disorders like sinusitis, allergies can also be causes. Some of the other common factors could be lung, heart or brain disease, scoliosis; endocrinal disorders can all lead to SA. Symptoms of SA are similar to other sleep disorders, like memory loss, lack of concentration, irritability, high blood pressure, breathlessness, choking (in some), heart problems like arrhythmia, convulsions, impotence and headaches and profuse sweating. Treatments available to patients vary for each type of SA.
For OSA, the best results are found with CPAP or bilevel PAP, surgery and usage of oral appliances, medications and a healthy lifestyle change also work well. For CSA there is a new method of treatment that works with ASV (or adaptive servo-ventilation) which works with the patients breathing pattern and when it detects a dip in the breathing cycle it intervenes to correct the breathing and once that is restored it turns off its mechanism till it detects another breathing irregularity. This machine has also been used for people with OSA with good results. While all sleep disorders need medical attention, sleep apnea when left untreated can result in a lot of unwanted health issue that can result in cardiac, brain, lung and other diseases. Hence it is important to work with your doctor to diagnose and treat this disorder without any delay.
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