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Behavioral disorders during REM
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Sleep is divided into two types, non-REM (or non- rapid eye movement) stage and REM. Sleep on the whole is divided into four stages and the brain dives into these stages successively during the course of the night vacillating between the stages throughout the night with increasing REM sleep as the time to awaken approaches. REM sleep covers the first two stages and is characterized by rapid eye movement. Most of these stages of sleep are typically seen to have rapid eye movement increased blood pressure; loss of muscle activity and the brain is quite alert at this stage so there is also some amount of dreaming. Vivid dreams are seen during this stage and some people may not recall them but most people can recount this accurately. REM sleep behavior disorder or known as RBD is seen to have incomplete or no paralysis for the person with the disorder and hence enables them to act out what the body is dreaming about.
This in normal people is not the case since this stage of sleep is accompanied by sleep paralysis or loss of muscle tone for that period. RBD is seen in middle aged elderly people mostly men. People with RBD have vivid, intensely emotional dreams and is accompanied by dream enacting. Some medications can also aggravate or acerbate this condition. While there is no conclusive evidence to prove the cause this is attributed to degenerative neurological disorders like dementia, Parkinson's etc. Sometimes it is seen that the disorder is a window into the future of a probable neurological disorder. Parkinson's patients have been seen to have RBD to a great extent but that does not necessarily mean that all RBD people will develop Parkinson’s disease or vice versa. Dream enacting can often be from vivid dreams that are violent and can injure the person or the partner.
Medical care in such conditions is a must. Tests like Polysomnography, EEG, ECG, neurological tests must be conducted to conclusively arrive at a diagnosis for RBD. Self-care measures can be taken at home also. Since people with this disorder are violent and can harm themselves or people near them it is necessary to make sure that the are not near any hazardous objects. Care should be taken to be certain that there is safe furniture and that any sharp or injury-causing objects are removed from the bedroom. Medications like chlonazepam are prescribed with great results for these patients, along with anti depressants with regular doctor visits and often-prolonged treatment till the behavior is resolved. Most of the time the medication is continued so that the behavior does not recur as a withdrawal symptom.
 
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